Authors are required to carefully review the journal’s Guide for Authors and ensure their manuscript adheres to all formatting and content guidelines before submission. The manuscript should include all essential sections, such as Title, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgments, Conflict of Interest, and References. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all listed authors have read, approved, and contributed to the manuscript. Authors should also familiarize themselves with the journal’s ethical policies, including plagiarism prevention and publication ethics. Prior to acceptance, a Copyright Release and Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form must be signed by the corresponding author on behalf of all contributors.
General Format
Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word format (DOC/DOCX). The text should be formatted in Times New Roman, 12 pt, double-spaced for readability. Margins should be 1 inch on all sides, ensuring proper formatting consistency. Page numbers must be included at the bottom of each page to maintain document structure and easy reference during review.
Title Page
The title should be concise, descriptive, and free of abbreviations. All authors’ names, affiliations, and full contact details should be included. The corresponding author’s email and complete address must be clearly mentioned. Provide 3-7 keywords relevant to the manuscript.
Text Formatting Guidelines
Manuscripts must be in single-column format. The abstract should be 100-250 words, clear, and concise without citations or abbreviations. The manuscript must have continuous line numbers and consecutive page numbering starting from the title page. Avoid redundant data presentation in both Tables and Figures. Clearly define abbreviations upon first use. The Introduction should focus on the research objectives without excessive literature review. The Results should be presented clearly and concisely. The Discussion should emphasize the significance of findings without repeating results. The Conclusion should summarize the main findings of the research. Appendices should be labeled (e.g., A, B) with distinct numbering for equations, tables, and figures (e.g., Eq. A.1, Table A.1). Financial support and grant numbers should be mentioned in the Acknowledgments section.
Introduction
The Introduction should provide relevant background information to help readers understand the research context. It should highlight existing knowledge in the field and clearly identify gaps that the study aims to address. The research problem should be explicitly stated, demonstrating its significance and relevance. Authors should define the objectives of the study concisely, ensuring that they align with the problem statement. The introduction should also explain the rationale behind the study, setting the foundation for the research approach. Avoid a detailed literature survey but provide a brief overview of previous work relevant to the study.
Materials and Methods
This section should offer a detailed description of the experimental design, data collection, and analytical methods used in the study. It must be written in a way that allows other researchers to replicate the study with accuracy. Clearly define all materials, equipment, and procedures followed, including any statistical or computational methods applied. If the study involves human participants, animals, or sensitive data, mention the ethical considerations and approvals obtained. Avoid unnecessary details but ensure that all essential steps are described comprehensively. If applicable, provide references for previously established methodologies.
Results and Discussion
The Results section presents the study’s findings in a clear and organized manner, using tables, figures, and graphs where necessary. Raw data should not be included; instead, present processed data with appropriate interpretations. The figures and tables should be numbered sequentially and include clear captions.
In the Discussion section, analyze the results by comparing them with previous studies, highlighting agreements or contradictions with existing literature. Explain the significance of the findings, addressing any unexpected trends or deviations. Discuss possible limitations of the study and their impact on the results. Provide logical reasoning for observed patterns and suggest potential implications of the study in a broader context. Avoid repeating data already presented in the results section and instead focus on interpreting and contextualizing the findings.
Conclusion
The Conclusion should summarize the key findings of the study concisely, reinforcing the main contributions to the field. Avoid introducing new data in this section. Clearly state how the study addresses the research problem and its practical or theoretical significance. If applicable, suggest future research directions or areas where additional investigation is needed. The conclusion should provide a closing perspective, emphasizing the importance of the study and its potential impact on the scientific community.
References
All references must include article titles. They should be listed in order of appearance in the text. References should be current and formatted in Harvard style. For citations with three or more authors, use “et al.” Journal volume numbers should be in bold. Avoid citing personal communications or unpublished data unless essential. The minimum reference count should be 100 for review papers, 30 for original research papers, and 20 for short communications. References should not be excessively drawn from a single journal; ideally, no more than 4-6 references per journal.
Tables and Figures
Number all Tables and Figures sequentially in the order they appear in the text. Ensure they follow the journal’s formatting style. Figure legends should be included in the manuscript, not within the figures. Define all symbols and abbreviations in the Figure Legends. Figures should be provided in Excel format where applicable. Preferred image file formats: EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) or PDF for vector drawings (with embedded fonts), TIFF or JPEG for color/grayscale photographs and high-resolution images (minimum 700-1000 dpi). Maps should include scale indicators and north-south direction for clarity. Authors must ensure their manuscript complies with these guidelines before submission.